Cannabis and cannabis-derived compounds like CBD may help some people with arthritis pain, but the scientific evidence is not strong. Clinical trials are small. Doctors recommend starting with proven treatments. If you plan to use cannabis, talk to a physician first.
Cannabis for Arthritis: What Research Shows and What It Costs
Does cannabis relieve arthritis pain?
Research on cannabis for arthritis pain focuses on two arthritis forms: osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. A 2019 review in Osteoarthritis and Cartilage found that CBD reduced pain and inflammation in rats with osteoarthritis. Human trials are far fewer. A small study of topical CBD gel for knee pain from osteoarthritis showed no improvement in the primary measure, though some secondary measures improved.
Cannabis vs NSAIDs: A Comprehensive Comparison for Arthritis Treatment
For rheumatoid arthritis, some patients report pain relief and better sleep. But randomized placebo-controlled trials are lacking. The Arthritis Foundation states there is not enough scientific evidence to support that CBD can reliably ease arthritis pain.
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CBD and THC: What to know
Cannabis contains hundreds of compounds. The two major ones used for pain are THC and CBD. THC causes a high. CBD does not cause a high.
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- CBD is available in oils, capsules, creams, and gummies.
- THC is available in flower, edibles, tinctures, and vapor.
Some products contain both. Balanced products with a 1:1 CBD-to-THC ratio are common in medical cannabis programs.
How to use cannabis for arthritis
Start low and go slow
Start with a low dose, especially if you are new to cannabis. Wait at least 2 hours before taking more.
Topical products
Topical creams and lotions are popular for joint pain. They can target a single joint. They do not enter the bloodstream in large amounts. They are less likely to cause side effects.
Edibles and tinctures
Edibles take 45 to 90 minutes to work. They have a stronger and longer effect. Tinctures under the tongue work faster.
Vaporizing or smoking
Inhalation works within minutes. It can irritate the lungs. Repeated smoking is harmful.
Risks and side effects
Common side effects of THC include drowsiness, dry mouth, dizziness, and impaired memory. CBD can cause fatigue, diarrhea, and changes in appetite.
Cannabis can interact with medicines. It can raise the blood level of warfarin and other drugs. Use caution with anti-inflammatory drugs and muscle relaxants. Alcohol increases the risk of falls and overdose.
Talk with your doctor
Tell your doctor if you use cannabis. Doctors can help you check for interactions. Ask about your state's legal medical cannabis program. Many clinics require a medical marijuana card. Your employer and insurance policies may have rules.
Do not stop or change your arthritis medications without medical advice.